Replacing a regular camshaft with a performance camshaft is one of the most exciting upgrades you can do for your car’s engine. Many car enthusiasts want more power, better throttle response, and a louder, more aggressive exhaust sound. Installing a performance camshaft can deliver all these benefits, but the process is complex and demands attention to detail.
If you want to do the job yourself, you need more than just enthusiasm—you need clear steps, the right tools, and practical advice that’s often missing in basic guides.
What Is A Performance Camshaft?
A performance camshaft is a specially designed camshaft that alters the timing and duration of the engine’s valve opening. This change allows for more air and fuel to enter the combustion chamber, resulting in increased horsepower and torque, especially at higher RPMs. Most stock engines use conservative camshafts focused on fuel economy and smooth idle. Performance camshafts, on the other hand, prioritize power and can transform the way your engine feels.
Tools And Parts You’ll Need
Before you start, gather all the necessary tools and replacement parts. Missing even one can stall your project for days.
Essential Tools
- Socket set (metric and SAE sizes)
- Torque wrench
- Screwdrivers (flathead and Phillips)
- Timing light
- Breaker bar
- Pry bar
- Feeler gauges
- Pulley puller
- Pliers and wire cutters
- Drain pan
- Gasket scraper
- Harmonic balancer puller
Replacement Parts
- Performance camshaft (matched to your engine and goals)
- New lifters (always replace with camshaft)
- Timing chain or belt
- Gaskets (valve cover, timing cover, intake manifold)
- Camshaft lube
- Engine oil and filter
- Coolant
Helpful Extras
- Shop manual for your vehicle
- Magnetic tray for bolts
- Labeling tape for wires and hoses
- Zip bags for small parts
Preparing For Installation
Proper preparation is critical. Rushing or skipping steps can lead to engine damage or poor performance.
Choose The Right Camshaft
Research the camshaft that matches your engine and your driving goals. For example, a street performance cam will give moderate power gains and keep your car drivable in traffic, while a race cam might sacrifice low-end torque for high-RPM power.
Clean And Organize
Work in a clean, well-lit area. Wash the engine bay to avoid dropping dirt into the engine. Lay out your tools and label all parts as you remove them. Taking photos with your phone helps you remember where wires and hoses connect.
Disconnect Battery And Drain Fluids
Disconnect the negative battery terminal first. Drain both the coolant and engine oil into catch pans. This prevents spills and contamination when you remove engine components.
Step-by-step Camshaft Installation
Replacing a camshaft is a big job. The following steps give a clear roadmap, but always check your vehicle’s service manual for details specific to your engine.
1. Remove Engine Components
Start by removing parts that block access to the camshaft.
- Air intake assembly: Take off the air filter box and intake tubing.
- Radiator and fan: Many cars require removing the radiator to slide the camshaft out.
- Accessory belts and pulleys: Remove the serpentine or V-belts, then the pulleys for alternator, power steering, and A/C.
- Valve covers: Unbolt and remove to access rocker arms.
- Timing cover: This exposes the timing chain or belt.
Take your time and label every wire, vacuum line, and connector.
2. Remove Timing Chain Or Belt
Rotate the engine to Top Dead Center (TDC) on the compression stroke for cylinder 1. Mark the timing positions with a paint marker or scribe. Remove the timing chain or belt, and keep the crankshaft from turning out of position.
3. Remove Old Camshaft
- Remove rocker arms and pushrods (if overhead valve engine).
- Unbolt lifters and remove them. Use a magnet if needed—never reuse old lifters.
- Unbolt camshaft retainer plate (if used).
- Slide the camshaft out gently. Support its weight to avoid scratching bearings.
A common beginner mistake is rushing this step and damaging the cam bearings, which can ruin the engine.
4. Prepare For New Camshaft
Clean the camshaft tunnel and bearing surfaces. Check for scratches or wear. Lightly oil the bearings. Apply assembly lube generously to the camshaft lobes and journals.
5. Install New Camshaft
Carefully slide the new camshaft into place, supporting its weight. Do not force it. If you feel resistance, pull it out and inspect for alignment issues.
6. Install New Lifters And Timing Chain
Install new lifters in their bores. Some engines require soaking hydraulic lifters in oil first. Reinstall the timing chain or belt, matching the timing marks exactly as before. This step is critical—mistiming by even one tooth can cause poor running or engine damage.
7. Reassemble Engine Components
Reverse the removal steps. Replace all gaskets with new ones. Use a torque wrench to tighten bolts to factory specs.
- Install the timing cover and valve covers.
- Reinstall pulleys, belts, radiator, and hoses.
- Reconnect all wires and vacuum lines, following your labels and photos.
8. Refill Fluids And Prime The Engine
Refill coolant and engine oil. Before starting, disconnect the ignition and crank the engine a few times to build oil pressure. This primes the new lifters and lubes the camshaft.
9. Start The Engine And Break In The Camshaft
Reconnect ignition and start the engine. For flat-tappet cams, run the engine at 2,000–2,500 RPM for 20–30 minutes to break in the cam and lifters. This step is vital for camshaft life. Monitor oil pressure, coolant temp, and listen for unusual noises.
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Comparing Stock Vs Performance Camshafts
To understand what you gain from a performance camshaft, look at some typical differences:
| Feature | Stock Camshaft | Performance Camshaft |
|---|---|---|
| Valve Lift | 0.35 in | 0.45 in |
| Duration | 200° | 230° |
| Idle Quality | Smooth | Rough/Lopey |
| Power Band | 1,000–4,500 RPM | 2,500–6,500 RPM |
| Fuel Economy | High | Lower |
Common Mistakes And How To Avoid Them
Many first-time installers make errors that cause big problems later. Here’s how to avoid them:
- Reusing old lifters: Always use new lifters with a new camshaft. Mixing old and new parts causes rapid wear.
- Incorrect timing: Double-check the alignment marks before closing the engine.
- Improper break-in: Skipping the break-in procedure can destroy a new camshaft in minutes.
- Ignoring oil and coolant leaks: Replace every gasket and seal you disturb. Old gaskets rarely reseal well.
- Not cleaning parts: Dirt and grit can ruin your new parts. Keep everything as clean as possible.
Camshaft Types And Which To Choose
There are several camshaft types. The right choice depends on your engine and goals.
| Type | Pros | Cons | Best For |
|---|---|---|---|
| Hydraulic Flat Tappet | Easy to adjust, low cost | Requires break-in, limited high-RPM | Classic V8s, street cars |
| Hydraulic Roller | Low friction, more power | Higher cost, may need new lifters | Modern engines, performance builds |
| Solid Flat Tappet | High RPM capable | Needs regular adjustment | Race engines |
| Solid Roller | Best high-RPM, maximum power | Very expensive, high maintenance | Drag racing, competition |
If you’re unsure, a hydraulic roller cam is often the best balance of power, reliability, and ease of installation for most street-driven cars.
Fine-tuning After Installation
Installing the camshaft is only part of the process. To get the best results:
- Adjust ignition timing: Most performance cams want more initial timing.
- Check idle speed: You may need to increase it for a lopey cam.
- Tune the fuel system: Carbureted cars often need bigger jets; EFI cars may need a remap.
- Listen for ticking or knocking: This can signal loose rockers or lifters.
A dyno test or professional tune can extract the most power from your upgrade.
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Real-world Example: 1995 Chevy 350 Small Block
Let’s look at a common example. Swapping a mild performance cam into a 1995 Chevy 350 can raise peak power from about 210 hp to 260 hp—a 24% increase. The car idles rougher, but acceleration above 3,000 RPM feels much stronger.
Fuel economy drops slightly, but the driving excitement is much higher.
Non-obvious Insights For Diyers
- Camshaft core material matters: Cheap camshafts made from low-quality steel wear out quickly, especially with aggressive profiles. Always buy from a reputable brand, even if it costs more.
- Check valve spring compatibility: Performance cams often need stronger valve springs. Weak springs can cause valve float and poor performance or even engine damage. Always check your spring specs before installation.
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Safety And Environmental Tips
Wear gloves and safety glasses. Old oil and coolant must be disposed of properly—never pour them down drains. Most auto parts stores accept used fluids for recycling.
When To Seek Professional Help
If you’re unsure about any step, or if your engine has variable valve timing, direct injection, or overhead camshafts, consider hiring a pro. Some engines require special tools or procedures. A mistake can cost much more than a mechanic’s labor fee.
For more in-depth engine building resources, see this Wikipedia guide to camshafts.
Frequently Asked Questions
How Long Does It Take To Install A Performance Camshaft?
A first-time installer should expect the job to take a full weekend (12–16 hours). Experienced mechanics can finish in 6–8 hours. Extra time may be needed for cleaning and unexpected problems.
Do I Need To Replace Anything Else When Installing A Camshaft?
Yes, always install new lifters and gaskets. Many performance cams also require new valve springs and a new timing chain or belt. Reusing old parts can cause failures.
Can I Install A Performance Camshaft Without Removing The Engine?
On many pushrod (OHV) engines, you can swap the camshaft with the engine still in the car, though you may need to remove the radiator and grill. Overhead cam (OHC) engines often require more disassembly.
Will A Performance Camshaft Hurt My Daily Driving?
Some aggressive cams may cause rough idle, less low-end power, and lower fuel economy. Choosing a cam matched for street performance usually keeps your car comfortable for daily use.
What Is The Best Break-in Oil For A New Camshaft?
Use a high-zinc, non-synthetic break-in oil specifically designed for camshafts. Zinc helps protect the new cam and lifters during their first start and break-in.
Replacing a camshaft is a rewarding project that can transform your driving experience. With the right parts, tools, and careful preparation, you can enjoy more power and a unique engine sound—while gaining valuable mechanical experience.
